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Android and worries

Image courtesy: Google Gemini
Almost everyone uses smartphones today. They help with communication, business, banking, and daily tasks, making life easier. But they also bring new problems.

How smartphones work differently from Computers

Smartphones aren’t built like computers. Computers let you upgrade parts or replace them if they break. But in phones, everything is packed into a single chip. Phone makers add special software (like drivers) to connect the hardware to the Android system and make it look good.

Drawbacks of Android phones

Android is the most used phone system worldwide, powering 70% of phones. It was created by a group of companies, with Google playing a big role. Unlike computers, most people can’t easily change their phone’s operating system.

Many phones come with bloatware—unwanted apps that track users, show ads, or can’t be easily removed. These slow down phones and invade privacy. Only a few brands, like Google Pixel and Nothing Phone, offer a clean Android without bloatware.

Short Lifespan of Phones

Phones need updates to stay secure and work properly, but most companies stop updates after just two years. When updates end, apps (especially banking apps) stop working, forcing people to buy new phones. This creates more electronic waste. Nothing Phone does better by offering 3 years of major updates and 4 years of security updates.

Can Custom Software Help?

When manufacturers stop supporting a phone, custom ROMs (modified Android versions) can keep it running longer. However, phone makers make it hard to install these, and some banking apps won’t work on them.

Are There Better Alternatives?

Some groups are working on privacy-focused, non-commercial phone systems based on Linux (like Debian). These systems, such as Mobian, offer basic features like calls, contacts, and maps. But they have fewer apps than Android and only work well on certain phones.

The Bigger Challenge

For Linux-based phones to succeed, more manufacturers need to support them. Google once tried a modular phone project (Ara) but gave up. Right now, Android dominates, leaving users with limited choices.

Buy old phones at low prices and upgrade to the latest Android

Image courtesy: Google Gemini
When a new phone comes out, it’s usually costly. But after some time, the price drops, especially when newer models arrive and companies compete for customers. If you buy a phone at its high launch price, you might later feel like you overpaid. Companies sell phones for much more than it costs to make them. For example, Apple spends about ₹41,000 to make an iPhone 16 Pro Max but sells it for ₹1,44,900 in India. 

Why do phone prices drop? 

 - New technology: As tech improves, older phones lose value. 
 - Better specs: Faster processors, better cameras, more RAM, and 5G support make people want the latest models. 
 - Basic needs: Most people don’t need a high-end phone just for calls, social media, banking, or photos. Even a powerful phone is rarely used to its full potential—most people only need about 40% of its features. 

A smarter way to buy phones

If you don’t want to spend a lot, consider buying an older model. Premium phones from a year or two ago are much cheaper online. You can check prices on sites like 91mobiles and read reviews before buying. Using a credit card might get you an extra 5-10% discount, and you could save up to 60% compared to the original price. 

What about software updates?

Older phones (especially those 2+ years old) may stop getting Android updates. But you can still keep them up-to-date by installing a custom ROM – a modified version of Android made by developers. 

How custom ROMs work

- Phone companies release Android’s source code so developers can create custom ROMs. 
- Sites like CrDroid and LineageOS list phones that support custom ROMs.
- A tech-savvy friend or local repair shop can help install one.
- Benefits: Better performance, longer battery life, no bloatware, and the latest Android version (like Android 15 or even 16 soon). 

Best phones for custom ROMs

Brands like Redmi and Poco often support custom ROMs. For example: - The Poco X3 Pro was ₹20,000 at launch but now sells for around ₹10,000. - You can install CrDroid (Android 15) on it and use it for years.

Final thought

Before buying a new expensive phone, ask yourself: Do I really need it? An older phone with a custom ROM can save you money and work just as well for daily use. Before buying a new expensive phone, ask yourself: Do I really need it? An older phone with a custom ROM can save you money and work just as well for daily use.

A list of underrated laptops for basic computing requirements with a low price

MSI Intel Core i3 12th Gen 1215U - (8 GB/512 GB SSD/Windows 11 Home) Modern 14 C12MO-1401IN Business Laptop 

Dell Latitude 3440 Intel Core i3 12th Gen - (8GB/512 GB SSD/Intel UHD Graphics) Thin and Ubuntu Linux Laptop/14 HD Display.

CHUWI Intel Core i3 12th Gen 1220P - (8 GB/512 GB SSD/Windows 11 Home) Corebook X i3 Laptop 

CHUWI Intel Core i3 12th Gen Intel Core i3-1215U - (12 GB/512 GB SSD/Windows 11 Home) FreeBook 2 in 1 Laptop  

HP G10 AMD Ryzen 5 Hexa Core 7th Gen 7530U Turbo Boost - (8 GB/512 GB SSD/Windows 11 Pro) 245 G10 R5 Business Laptop 

Install the Buyhatke Chrome browser extension to track price history, compare prices, find auto coupons, and get alerts.

Turn off Chrome browser home page with Ads in Linux Lite OS

Linux Lite is a Linux distribution based on Ubuntu LTS. A beautifully customised XFCE desktop is the main attraction. Google Chrome is the default browser with Linux Lite. The default homepage displays intrusive ads. It can be turned off by following these steps.

Google Chrome > Settings > On startup 

Remove the URL from the Open a specific page or set of pages.


Debian 13 Trixie software repository information


Here are the steps to add the main repository address to Debian 13 (Trixie).

Add to sources.list

Open the sources.list using your favourite text editor (e.g. Mousepad),

sudo mousepad /etc/apt/sources.list
Copy and paste the following lines into the file,
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie main non-free-firmware
deb http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://security.debian.org/debian-security trixie-security main non-free-firmware
# trixie-updates, to get updates before a point release is made;
# see https://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch02.en.html#_updates_and_backports
deb http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main non-free-firmware
deb-src http://deb.debian.org/debian/ trixie-updates main non-free-firmware


Save and close the file. Update the repository list and upgrade the packages by applying the following commands;
sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Q4OS is pocket Hercules

Q4OS rocks, whether you're talking about a Core 2 Duo, Athlon 64, Celeron, i7, or Ryzen. Easy enough to configure with a mouse. Q4OS is a lightweight Linux distribution based on Debian, targeted as a replacement for operating systems no longer supported by outdated hardware. Trinity and Plasma desktops come preloaded on this pocket Hercules device. Its automated installation feature is wonderful.

Install Virtualbox in Ubuntu: command line method

This method can be follow to install Virtualbox in any version of Ubuntu operating system.

Make the system upto date. Apply the command one bye one.

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade

Install the latest Linux kernel headers.

sudo apt-get -y install gcc make linux-headers-$(uname -r) dkms

Install the VirtualBox packages from repository.

sudo apt install virtualbox virtualbox-ext-pack

Install Liquorix Kernel in Debian and Ubuntu


The stable versions of Debian and Ubuntu Linux operating systems face off with the latest versions of the Linux Kernel. The latest versions of the Linux kernel are packed with many features that are in tune with the changes in technology changes and hardware support. Debian and Ubuntu stable edition users can try the latest Linux kernel versions from third-party service providers.

Liquorix is based on the Zen kernel, which is designed to improve the performance of Linux desktop users. Liquorix Linux kernel is suitable for Debian and Ubuntu distributions. If you're looking for a performance boost, give it a try!

A useful tool for PDF arrangement

PDF Arranger is a small application that allows one to merge or split pdf documents and rotate, crop, and rearrange their pages using an interactive and intuitive graphical interface. PDF Arranger was formerly known as PDF-Shuffler.

How to install it
It's available in Debian/Ubuntu-based operating systems. Apply the command to install it,

sudo apt install pdfarranger

GNOME Flashback: a classic touch for your Linux desktop

GNOME Flashback can be giving your modern computer a retro makeover. It changes how your desktop looks and feels to resemble those older versions of GNOME. Choose Flashback if you find the newest GNOME desktop confusing or prefer the classic style. GNOME Flashback has a panel at the bottom of the screen, a traditional start menu, and different ways to manage your windows. In addition, it has no animation and does not consume much computer resources.

How to get GNOME Flashback

Existing Linux-based operating systems users can install GNOME Flashback desktop. Apply the following commands to the terminal to install it in Debian / Ubuntu-based operating systems:

sudo apt update
sudo apt upgrade
sudo apt install gnome-session-flashback
Reboot system. From the login screen, just look for the little gear icon next to your name on the login screen, and choose "GNOME Flashback" from the list.

Upgrading GNOME on Debian

The stable version of Debian often comes with an old GNOME version due to its focus on stability. For example, GNOME Debian 12 latest update comes with GNOME 43. The newest version of GNOME, as of writing this post, is 46. The latest versions of GNOME loaded so many innovative features. Debian 12 users can't simply update to GNOME 46. Here are the steps to update to GNOME's latest version. Debian 12 is used to demonstrate the update process. I request that the process be tried in a Debian 12 installed in Virtualbox for learning purposes and later tried on the production computer. Take the data backup before the update attempt.

Two ways we can do the GNOME update. Install the Debian 12 without any desktop. While software selection, uncheck the Debian Desktop environment and GNOME to get desktopless Debian.


Start the installation directly if you are using the Debian stable version with a desktop. Anyway, start the update process from here.

How to update Linux kernel in Debian

Debian is a Linux-based operating system. The Linux kernel is the core component of any Linux-based operating system, acting as a bridge between the hardware and the software. It manages critical tasks such as memory allocation, process scheduling, device drivers, and file system interactions. Linux kernel development is an active process. The Linux kernel may be old if you use the stable version of Debian. Updating your Linux kernel is crucial for security, performance, and hardware compatibility. For example, the Debian 12 stable version consists of Linux kernel version 6.1. Debian repository contains the latest Linux kernel version and can be installed in the system. The following are the procedures for updating the kernel from the stable version of Debian to the new one.

Check the current kernel version

Apply the following command in the terminal to see the kernel version.

uname -r

Install GNOME Core for slim desktop experience

GNOME is an excellent and modern desktop in terms of features and size. It is packed with so many apps and packages. Bulky-size GNOME desktops occupy a good amount of storage and memory. Linux distros are available with a complete package of the GNOME desktop. Users who want to try a lean GNOME desktop can install GNOME Core. The GNOME Core package contains the core components of the GNOME Desktop. Here, I select the Debian desktop to install GNOME Core installation. Debian Linux OS is flexible in the selection of desired desktops during the installation process. The GNOME desktop in Debian Linux comes without many modifications and is very fast.

Easy way to remove GNOME games

A group of games install along with GNOME desktop in Linux-based operating systems like Debian and Ubuntu. If you are not a game lover, it's possible to remove them.

Here is the command to remove the whole game;

sudo apt purge iagno lightsoff four-in-a-row gnome-robots pegsolitaire gnome-2048 hitori gnome-klotski gnome-mines gnome-mahjongg gnome-sudoku quadrapassel swell-foop gnome-tetravex gnome-taquin aisleriot gnome-chess five-or-more gnome-nibbles tali
sudo apt autoremove

Ubuntu without Snap: finding Freedom in alternative distros

Since Ubuntu introduced Snap, people using Linux have been arguing about it. Snap is supposed to make installing and updating software easier, but it also has some problems. These problems make some people think about switching to other Linux versions based on Ubuntu.

Snap packages are like self-sufficient boxes. They have everything they need to work inside them, so installing and updating them is simple. This makes things easier for people who are new to Linux. Also, because they're isolated, they're less likely to mess up other programs on your computer.

Snap is controlled by the company that makes Ubuntu. This means they have a lot of power over what software is available. Some people don't like this because they feel it limits their choices.

Snap packages can be slower than the older way of installing software (.deb packages). This is because they are isolated and need extra resources to run. Snap can also make Ubuntu take up more space on your computer and slow it down.

Because of Snap's problems and the fact that one company controls it, some people are switching to other versions of Linux that are based on Ubuntu but don't use Snap. These other versions are a good way to experience Linux in a more basic way, with popular desktop environments like GNOME, XFCE, and Cinnamon. Here is a hand-picked list of Ubuntu-based systems without Snap:

Pop!_OS: Developed by System76, Pop!_OS is known for its polished GNOME desktop. It offers a good user experience, focuses on productivity, and has excellent hardware compatibility, making it a popular choice for developers and creators.

Voyager Linux: Voyager, hailing from France, is based on GNOME and features a beautiful, modern design. It emphasizes simplicity and ease of use, making it suitable for both newcomers and experienced Linux users.

Linux Mint: One of the most user-friendly Linux distributions based on Cinnamon desktop. Linux Mint provides a familiar Windows-like interface and a focus on stability. It's a great option for those transitioning from Windows or seeking a hassle-free experience.

Xubuntu: A lightweight Ubuntu flavour using the XFCE desktop environment, Xubuntu is ideal for older hardware or systems with limited resources. It offers both full and minimal desktop editions.

Rhino Linux: A relatively new distribution based on Ubuntu with XFCE desktop, Rhino Linux focuses on providing a clean, modern, and user-friendly experience.

Linux Lite: Designed specifically for older hardware and users transitioning from Windows, Linux Lite offers a lightweight and intuitive experience. It prioritizes simplicity, ease of use, and compatibility.

Elementary OS: A visually appealing and user-friendly distro inspired by macOS. It focuses on simplicity and a cohesive design language.

Some of these Linux versions might let you use Snap if you want, but they usually use the usual .deb way of installing software. This list is a good place to start if you want to try Ubuntu-based systems that don't depend too much on Snap.